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This suggests that even before the Majapahit era, the red and white colours were already revered and used as the kingdom's banner in the Kediri era (1042-c.1222). The earliest records of the red and white panji or pataka (a long flag on a curved bamboo pole) can be found in the Pararaton chronicle according to this source, the Jayakatwang troops from Gelang-Gelang hoisted the red and white banner during their invasion of Singhasari in the early 12th century. This is why these colours appear in so many flags throughout Austronesia, from Tahiti to Madagascar. However, it has been suggested that the red and white symbolism can trace its origin to the older common Austronesian mythology of the duality of Mother Earth (red) and Father Sky (white). The flag's colours are derived from the banner of the 13th century Majapahit Empire. Hoisting of the Bendera Pusaka moment during the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945 This empire, renowned for its great maritime strength, flew similar jacks on its vessels. The naval jack dates to the age of Majapahit Empire. It is nicknamed Ular-ular Perang (War Pennant or literally "War Snakes"), probably due to the stripes' design. The design of the jack is described as nine alternating stripes of red and white. It flies from the mast of every active Indonesian war ship. The Naval Jack of Indonesia is reserved for sole use by the Indonesian Navy. In both, the red is of a slightly darker shade. The flag of Poland has similar dimensions but has the colours reversed: white on top and red on the bottom. The flag of Indonesia is graphically similar to the Flag of Monaco, with a slight difference in the shade of red, and ratio of its dimensions. The design of the flag has remained unchanged since. It was introduced and hoisted in public during the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945 in at 56 Jalan Proklamasi (formerly Jalan Pegangsaan Timur) in Jakarta, and again when the Dutch formally transferred sovereignty on 27 December 1949. The Flag of Indonesia is a simple bicolor with two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3. Nine horizontal stripes of alternating red and white